Analects of Confucius 14.20

1. The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling of Wei, when Ch’i K’ang said, ‘Since he is of such a character, how is it he does not lose his State?’ 2. Confucius said, ‘The Chung-shu Yu has the superintendence of his guests and of strangers; the litanist, T’o, has the management

of his ancestral temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:— with such officers as these, how should he lose his State?’